/* ==========================================================================
   Hamid Reza Mohagheghi — hamidrezamohagheghi.com
   Single stylesheet. No frameworks, no runtime CSS.
   ========================================================================== */

/* --- Tokens --------------------------------------------------------------- */
:root {
  --paper:      #ffffff;
  --mist:       #f4f6f8;   /* very light cool neutral */
  --rule:       #dfe4e9;
  --rule-soft:  #eef1f4;
  --ink:        #1c2126;   /* charcoal */
  --ink-soft:   #4d5862;
  --ink-faint:  #616c77;
  --accent:     #2f5d8c;   /* slate blue */
  --accent-dk:  #234666;
  --accent-wash:#eaf0f6;

  --serif: "Newsreader", "Iowan Old Style", "Palatino Linotype", Palatino, Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --sans:  "IBM Plex Sans", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;

  --measure: 64ch;
  --gutter: 1.5rem;
  --shell: 68.75rem;      /* 1100px */
  --section-y: 5.5rem;
  --radius: 3px;
}

/* --- Reset ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }

html {
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  line-height: 1.68;
  font-synthesis-weight: none;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
svg { display: block; }

h1, h2, h3, h4 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--ink);
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.16;
  margin: 0 0 0.6em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

h1 { font-size: clamp(2.35rem, 5.4vw, 3.75rem); letter-spacing: -0.025em; }
h2 { font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 2.8vw, 2.125rem); }
h3 { font-size: 1.1875rem; letter-spacing: -0.01em; }

p  { margin: 0 0 1.15em; max-width: var(--measure); }
p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

a { color: var(--accent); text-underline-offset: 0.18em; text-decoration-thickness: from-font; }
a:hover { color: var(--accent-dk); }

:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
  border-radius: 1px;
}

/* --- Shell ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.shell {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--shell);
  margin-inline: auto;
  padding-inline: var(--gutter);
}

.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  left: -9999px;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 100;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
}
.skip-link:focus {
  left: 0.75rem;
  top: 0.75rem;
  color: #fff;
}

/* --- Header --------------------------------------------------------------- */
.masthead {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--paper);
}
.masthead__inner {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem 2rem;
  padding-block: 1.15rem;
}
.wordmark {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  margin-right: auto;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.wordmark:hover { color: var(--accent-dk); }

.mainnav ul {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}
.mainnav a {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  text-decoration: none;
  padding-block: 0.25rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
}
.mainnav a:hover { color: var(--ink); border-bottom-color: var(--rule); }
.mainnav a[aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--ink);
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
}

/* --- Buttons -------------------------------------------------------------- */
.btn {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  line-height: 1.2;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.35rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  border: 1px solid var(--accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background-color 120ms ease, color 120ms ease;
}
.btn--solid { background: var(--accent); color: #fff; }
.btn--solid:hover { background: var(--accent-dk); border-color: var(--accent-dk); color: #fff; }
.btn--ghost { background: transparent; color: var(--accent); }
.btn--ghost:hover { background: var(--accent-wash); color: var(--accent-dk); }
.btn--quiet {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
  border-color: var(--rule);
}
.btn--quiet:hover { background: var(--mist); color: var(--ink); }
.btn--sm { padding: 0.55rem 1rem; font-size: 0.875rem; }
button.btn { cursor: pointer; -webkit-appearance: none; appearance: none; }

.btnrow {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

/* --- Sections ------------------------------------------------------------- */
.band { padding-block: var(--section-y); }
.band--tint { background: var(--mist); border-block: 1px solid var(--rule-soft); }
.band--tight { padding-block: 3.5rem; }

.band__head { margin-bottom: 2.5rem; max-width: var(--measure); }
.band__head p { color: var(--ink-soft); }

.lede {
  font-size: 1.1875rem;
  line-height: 1.62;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  max-width: 60ch;
}

/* --- Breadcrumb ----------------------------------------------------------- */
.crumbs {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  padding-block: 1rem 0;
}
.crumbs ol { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.5rem; margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.crumbs li + li::before { content: "/"; margin-right: 0.5rem; color: var(--rule); }
.crumbs a { color: var(--ink-faint); text-decoration: none; }
.crumbs a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: underline; }

/* --- Hero ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
.hero { padding-block: 4.5rem 5rem; }
.hero__grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 3rem;
  align-items: start;
}
.hero__eyebrow {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin: 0 0 1.1rem;
}
.hero h1 { margin-bottom: 0.85rem; }
.hero__subtitle {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: clamp(1.0625rem, 1.9vw, 1.25rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  line-height: 1.4;
  margin: 0 0 2rem;
  max-width: 34ch;
}
.hero__bio p { max-width: 58ch; }

/* Portrait frame — the real headshot drops straight into <img>. */
.portrait {
  position: relative;
  max-width: 24rem;
  margin-inline: auto;
}
.portrait__frame {
  position: relative;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
  background: var(--mist);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  z-index: 1;
}
.portrait__frame img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}
.portrait::after { content: none; }
.portrait__pending {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  display: grid;
  place-content: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
}
.portrait__monogram {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 2.75rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--accent);
}
.portrait__caption {
  margin-top: 1.9rem;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  text-align: right;
}

/* --- Key facts ------------------------------------------------------------ */
.facts {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
  margin: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.facts__row {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.25rem 2rem;
  padding-block: 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}
.facts dt {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
}
.facts dd {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.facts dd a { text-decoration: none; }
.facts dd a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.facts__group {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
}
.facts + .facts__group { margin-top: 2.5rem; }
.facts__sep { color: var(--rule); padding-inline: 0.15rem; }

.facts__list {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.4rem 0.5rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}
.facts__list li {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  background: var(--mist);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 0.22rem 0.6rem;
}
.band--tint .facts__list li { background: var(--paper); }

/* --- Link list ------------------------------------------------------------ */
.linklist ul { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.linklist li {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.15rem;
  padding-block: 0.9rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}
.linklist a { font-size: 1.0625rem; text-decoration: none; }
.linklist a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.linklist span {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
}

/* --- Cards ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.cards {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}
.card {
  background: var(--paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 1.75rem;
}
.card h3 { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.card p {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  margin: 0;
}

/* --- Prose / long-form ---------------------------------------------------- */
.prose { max-width: var(--measure); }
.prose h2 { margin-top: 2.75rem; }
.prose h2:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.prose h3 { margin-top: 2rem; }
.prose ul, .prose ol { max-width: var(--measure); padding-left: 1.25rem; }
.prose li { margin-bottom: 0.4rem; }
.prose blockquote {
  margin: 1.75rem 0;
  padding-left: 1.25rem;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--accent);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-size: 1.125rem;
}

/* --- Q&A blocks ----------------------------------------------------------- */
.qa { display: grid; gap: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.qa__item { padding-block: 1.75rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft); }
.qa__item h3 { font-size: 1.25rem; margin-bottom: 0.55rem; }
.qa__item p { color: var(--ink-soft); }

/* --- Research topics ------------------------------------------------------ */
.topics { display: grid; gap: 2.5rem; }
.topic {
  padding-top: 1.75rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.topic h2 { font-size: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 0.65rem; }
.topic p { color: var(--ink-soft); }

/* --- Insights grid -------------------------------------------------------- */
.posts { display: grid; gap: 1.25rem; }
.post {
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 1.6rem 1.75rem;
  background: var(--paper);
}
.post h3 { margin-bottom: 0.45rem; }
.post h3 a { text-decoration: none; color: var(--ink); }
.post h3 a:hover { color: var(--accent-dk); text-decoration: underline; }
.post p {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
}
.post time,
.post__status {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
}

.pipeline { display: grid; gap: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.pipeline li {
  padding-block: 0.9rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.5rem 1.5rem;
  align-items: baseline;
}
.pipeline span:first-child { font-size: 1.0625rem; }
.pipeline span:last-child {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
}

/* --- Article -------------------------------------------------------------- */
.article__head { padding-block: 2.5rem 1.5rem; }
.article__meta {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.35rem 1.25rem;
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
}
.article__meta a { color: var(--ink-soft); }
.article__hero { margin-block: 2rem; }
.article__hero img { border-radius: var(--radius); border: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.article__hero figcaption {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  margin-top: 0.6rem;
}
.refs { font-size: 0.9375rem; }
.refs li { margin-bottom: 0.6rem; }

.authorbox {
  margin-top: 3rem;
  padding: 1.75rem;
  background: var(--mist);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
}
.authorbox h2 { font-size: 1.25rem; }
.authorbox p { font-size: 1rem; color: var(--ink-soft); }

/* --- Forms ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
.form {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1.15rem;
  max-width: 34rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
}
.field { display: grid; gap: 0.4rem; }
.field label {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.hint {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  max-width: 34rem;
}
.field input,
.field textarea {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 0.7rem 0.85rem;
  width: 100%;
}
.field input:focus,
.field textarea:focus {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 1px;
}
.field textarea { min-height: 10rem; resize: vertical; }
.hp {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px; height: 1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip-path: inset(50%);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

/* --- Contact detail list -------------------------------------------------- */
.contactlist { display: grid; gap: 1.25rem; margin: 2rem 0 0; }
.contactlist dt {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  margin-bottom: 0.15rem;
}
.contactlist dd { margin: 0; font-size: 1.125rem; }

/* --- Social links --------------------------------------------------------- */
.social {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
  margin: 1.5rem 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
}
.social:empty { display: none; }

/* --- Footer --------------------------------------------------------------- */
.sitefoot {
  background: var(--mist);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  padding-block: 3.25rem 2rem;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.sitefoot__grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 2.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 2.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.sitefoot h2 {
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}
.sitefoot p,
.sitefoot li {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}
.sitefoot ul { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; display: grid; gap: 0.5rem; }
.sitefoot a { color: var(--ink-soft); text-decoration: none; }
.sitefoot a:hover { color: var(--accent-dk); text-decoration: underline; }
.sitefoot__fields { max-width: 30ch; }
.sitefoot__legal {
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
}

/* --- Notice / status ------------------------------------------------------ */
.notice {
  border-left: 2px solid var(--accent);
  background: var(--accent-wash);
  padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  max-width: 44rem;
}

/* --- Error page ----------------------------------------------------------- */
.errorpage { padding-block: 6rem; }
.errorpage ul {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 2rem 0 0;
  list-style: none;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
}

/* --- Breakpoints ---------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (min-width: 40rem) {
  .facts__row { grid-template-columns: 12rem 1fr; align-items: baseline; }
  .cards { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .posts { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .sitefoot__grid { grid-template-columns: 1.4fr 1fr 1fr; }
}

@media (min-width: 60rem) {
  :root { --gutter: 2.5rem; --section-y: 6.5rem; }
  .hero__grid { grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 0.8fr; gap: 4.5rem; }
  .portrait { margin-left: auto; margin-right: 1.25rem; }
  .portrait::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    inset: 1.25rem -1.25rem -1.25rem 1.25rem;
    background: var(--accent-wash);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    z-index: 0;
  }
  .cards { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }
  .split {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 0.9fr;
    gap: 4.5rem;
    align-items: start;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  * { animation-duration: 0.001ms !important; transition-duration: 0.001ms !important; }
}

@media print {
  .masthead, .sitefoot, .crumbs, .btnrow { display: none; }
  body { font-size: 11pt; color: #000; }
}